The counterculture is a provocative concept as far as it means a rejection of culture while being itself a part of culture and as far as it talks the young generation into a rebellion but requiring a mature project of society. It is also provocative in that it rejects modernization and at the same time promotes a moral universalizm which is a hallmark of modernity. The author of the paper attempts to find the constitutive ideas of the counterculture and to compare them with other ideologies, their advantages and drawbacks. Moreover, it indicates the significance of counterculture for a proper understanding of social movements. The theme which proves to be the central one in the counterculture is the tension between an artistic and philosophical interpretation of subject.