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In this article I show the main assumptions of the German Lutheran liberal theology, based on the thought and texts of its most important representatives: Friedrich D.E. Schleiermacher and David F. Strauss. I compare it with Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s theological thought (radical Christocentrity, practical ethics), which was reflected in his decisions and activity – both political and theological, pastoral. Since the history of ideas methodology was used during work on the essay, the text also points out the elements of the intellectual climate and historical background of these texts and intellectual currents, which may have influenced thoughts and works. Important ones are: German Enlightenment, German model of religiosity, and the tradition of Germanspeaking theology, both Catholic and Lutheran. In this essay, I show how Bonhoeffer’s thought at the same time perfectly fits in there and completely contradicts them.